Latest Issue
      Volume 12 ， Issue 7 ， 2025

        POSITION ARTICLE AND GUIDELINE

      • International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) consensus on miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy AI Introduction

        “In the field of minimally invasive urology, an international panel of experts from the International Alliance of Urolithiasis has compiled a comprehensive clinical framework for miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) procedures. This expert consensus document, based on a systematic literature review and a two-round modified Delphi survey, addresses unresolved controversies and limitations, providing urologists with detailed techniques to optimize patient outcomes.”
        Guo-Hua Zeng, Wen Zhong, Giorgio Mazzon, Wei Zhu, Sven Lahme, Sanjay Khadgi, Janak Desai, Madhu Agrawal, David Schulsinger, Mantu Gupta, Emanuele Montanari, Juan Manuel Lopez Martinez, Shabir Almousawi, Vincent Emanuel F. Malonzo, Seshadri Sriprasad, Otas Durutovic, Vimoshan Arumuham, Stefania Ferretti, Wissam Kamal, Ke-Wei Xu, Fan Cheng, Xiao-Feng Gao, Ji-Wen Cheng, Bhaskar Somani, Mordechai Duvdevani, Kah Ann Git, Christian Seitz, Norberto Bernardo, Tarek Ahmed Amin Ibrahim, Albert Aquino, Takahiro Yasui, Cristian Fiori, Thomas Knoll, Athanasios Papatsoris, Nariman Gadzhiev, Ulanbek Zhanbyrbekuly, Oriol Angerri, Hugo Lopez Ramos, Iliya Saltirov, Mohamad Moussa, Guido Giusti, Fabio Vicentini, Edgar Beltran Suarez, Margaret Pearle, Glenn M. Preminger, Qing-Hui Wu, Chu Ann Chai, Khurshid Ghani, Marcus Maroccolo, Marianne Brehmer, Palle J. Osther, Marek Zawadzki, Azimdjon Tursunkulov, Monolov Nurbek Kytaibekovich, Abdusamad Abdukakhorovich Abuvohidov, Cesar Antonio Recalde Lara, Zamari Noori, Stefano Paolo Zanetti, Sunil Shrestha, Jean de la Rosette, John Denstedt, Zhang-Qun Ye, Kemal Sarica, Simon Choong
        Vol. 12, Issue 7, Pages: 985-995(2025) DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00562-3
        Abstract：Over the past three decades, there has been increasing interest in miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) techniques featuring smaller tracts as they offer potential solutions to mitigate complications associated with standard PCNL (sPCNL). However, despite this growing acceptance and recognition of its benefits, unresolved controversies and acknowledged limitations continue to impede widespread adoption due to a lack of consensus on optimal perioperative management strategies and procedural tips and tricks. In response to these challenges, an international panel comprising experts from the International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) took on the task of compiling an expert consensus document on mPCNL procedures aimed at providing urologists with a comprehensive clinical framework for practice. This endeavor involved conducting a systematic literature review to identify research gaps (RGs), which formed the foundation for developing a structured questionnaire survey. Subsequently, a two-round modified Delphi survey was implemented, culminating in a group meeting to generate final evidence-based comments. All 64 experts completed the second-round survey, resulting in a response rate of 100.0%. Fifty-eight key questions were raised focusing on mPCNLs within 4 main domains, including general information (13 questions), preoperative work-up (13 questions), procedural tips and tricks (19 questions), and postoperative evaluation and follow-up (13 questions). Additionally, 9 questions evaluated the experts’ experience with PCNLs. Consensus was reached on 30 questions after the second-round survey, while professional statements for the remaining 28 key questions were provided after discussion in an online panel meeting. mPCNL, characterized by a tract smaller than 18 Fr and an innovative lithotripsy technique, has firmly established itself as a viable and effective approach for managing upper urinary tract stones in both adults and pediatrics. It offers several advantages over sPCNL including reduced bleeding, fewer requirements for nephrostomy tubes, decreased pain, and shorter hospital stays. The series of detailed techniques presented here serve as a comprehensive guide for urologists, aiming to improve their procedural understanding and optimize patient outcomes.  
        Keywords：Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL);Miniaturized PCNL (mPCNL);Expert consensus;Kidney stone;Operation   
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        RESEARCH

      • “In the field of tuberculosis diagnosis, a study involving 11 research sites across China has made significant progress. Experts verified the superior performance of cell-free Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA testing in diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy, providing a new direction for improving detection rates.”
        Wei-Li Du, Jian-Qin Liang, Xin-Ting Yang, Cheng-Jun Li, Qing-Feng Wang, Wen-Ge Han, Ye Li, Zhi-Hui Li, Dong-Mei Zhao, Fu-Dong Xu, Yan-Xiao Rong, Xiao-Jing Cui, Hui-Min Li, Feng Wang, Peng-Chong Liu, Dong-Lin Guo, Hai-Bin Wang, Xu-Ya Xing, Jia-Lu Che, Zi-Chen Liu, Na-Na Zhang, Kun Li, Yi Liu, Li Wang, Hai-Bo Wang, Nan-Ying Che
        Vol. 12, Issue 7, Pages: 996-1006(2025) DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00567-y
        Accuracy of cell-free <italic style="font-style: italic">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> DNA testing in pleural effusion for diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy: a multicenter cross-sectional study
        Abstract：Background:The diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (TP) presents a significant challenge due to the low bacterial load in pleural effusion (PE) samples. Cell-free Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA (cf-TB) in PE samples is considered an optimal biomarker for diagnosing TP. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of cf-TB testing across diverse research sites with a relatively large sample size.Methods:Patients suspected of TP and presenting with clinical symptoms and radiological evidence of PE were consecutively enrolled by treating physicians from 11 research sites across 6 provinces in China between April 2020 and August 2022. Following centrifugation, sediments obtained from PE were used for Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) and mycobacterial culture, while the supernatants were subjected to cf-TB testing. This study employed a composite reference standard to definite TP, which was characterized by any positive result for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) through either PE culture, PE Xpert, or pleural biopsy.Results:A total of 1412 participants underwent screening, and 1344 (95.2%) were subsequently enrolled in this study. Data from 1241 (92.3%) participants were included, comprising 284 with definite TP, 677 with clinically diagnosed TP, and 280 without TP. The sensitivity of cf-TB testing in definite TP was 73.6% (95% CI 68.2%–78.4%), significantly higher than both Xpert (40.8%, 95% CI 35.3%–46.7%, P<0.001) and mycobacterial culture (54.2%, 95% CI 48.4%–59.9%, P<0.001). When clinically diagnosed TP was incorporated into the composite reference standard for sensitivity analysis, cf-TB testing showed a sensitivity of 46.8% (450/961, 95% CI 43.7%–50.0%), significantly higher than both Xpert (12.1%, 116/961, 95% CI 10.2%–14.3%, P<0.001) and mycobacterial culture (16.0%, 154/961, 95% CI 13.8%–18.5%, P<0.001). The specificities of cf-TB testing, Xpert, and mycobacterial culture were all 100.0%.Conclusions:The performance of cf-TB testing is significantly superior to that of Xpert and mycobacterial culture methods, indicating that it can be considered as the primary diagnostic approach for improving TP detection.  
        Keywords：Cell-free Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA (cf-TB);Pleural effusion (PE);Tuberculous pleurisy (TP);diagnosis   
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      • “Reporting on the latest research in the field of urology, the study presents a comprehensive assessment of the global burden of six common urologic diseases. The research, based on data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021, reveals that BPH and UTI are the leading causes of incidence and prevalence, while prostate cancer tops mortality and DALYs rates. The study also highlights the impact of risk factors such as high BMI and smoking on kidney, bladder, and prostate cancer deaths, underscoring the need for international collaboration to improve disease management.”
        Hao Zi, Meng-Yang Liu, Li-Sha Luo, Qiao Huang, Peng-Cheng Luo, Hang-Hang Luan, Jiao Huang, Dan-Qi Wang, Yong-Bo Wang, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Ren-Peng Yu, Yi-Tong Li, Hang Zheng, Tong-Zu Liu, Yu Fan, Xian-Tao Zeng
        Vol. 12, Issue 7, Pages: 1007-1022(2025) DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00569-w
        Global burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia, urinary tract infections, urolithiasis, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, and prostate cancer from 1990 to 2021
        Abstract：Background:The burden of common urologic diseases, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urinary tract infections (UTI), urolithiasis, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, and prostate cancer, varies both geographically and within specific regions. It is essential to conduct a comprehensive and precise assessment of the global burden of urologic diseases.Methods:We obtained data on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for the aforementioned urologic diseases by age, sex, location, and year from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. We analyzed the burden associated with urologic diseases based on socio-demographic index (SDI) and attributable risk factors. The trends in burden over time were assessed using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) along with a 95% confidence interval (CI).Results:In 2021, BPH and UTI were the leading causes of age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), with rates of 5531.88 and 2782.59 per 100,000 persons, respectively. Prostate cancer was the leading cause of both age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR), with rates of 12.63 and 217.83 per 100,000 persons, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, there was an upward trend in ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR for UTI, while urolithiasis showed a downward trend. The middle and low-middle SDI quintile levels exhibited higher incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs related to UTI, urolithiasis, and BPH, while the high and high-middle SDI quintile levels showed higher rates for the three cancers. The burden of these 6 urologic diseases displayed diverse age and sex distribution patterns. In 2021, a high body mass index (BMI) contributed to 20.07% of kidney cancer deaths worldwide, while smoking accounted for 26.48% of bladder cancer deaths and 3.00% of prostate cancer deaths.Conclusions:The global burden of 6 urologic diseases presents a significant public health challenge. Urgent international collaboration is essential to advance the improvement of urologic disease management, encompassing the development of effective diagnostic screening tools and the implementation of high-quality prevention and treatment strategies.  
        Keywords：Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH);Urinary tract infections (UTI);Urolithiasis;Bladder cancer;Kidney cancer;prostate cancer;Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs);Burden of disease   
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      • “In the field of sepsis-induced acute lung injury, a novel pathway has been unveiled. Expert research demonstrates that lactate accumulation during sepsis promotes macrophage-derived extracellular CIRP release, which mediates ZBP1-dependent pulmonary vascular endothelial cell PANoptosis, exacerbating ALI. This finding offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms driving sepsis-related pulmonary complications and provides potential new therapeutic strategies.”
        Ting Gong, Qing-De Wang, Patricia A. Loughran, Yue-Hua Li, Melanie J. Scott, Timothy R. Billiar, You-Tan Liu, Jie Fan
        Vol. 12, Issue 7, Pages: 1023-1045(2025) DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00574-z
        Mechanism of lactic acidemia-promoted pulmonary endothelial cells death in sepsis: role for CIRP-ZBP1-PANoptosis pathway
        Abstract：Background:Sepsis is often accompanied by lactic acidemia and acute lung injury (ALI). Clinical studies have established that high serum lactate levels are associated with increased mortality rates in septic patients. We further observed a significant correlation between the levels of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well as lactate levels, and the severity of post-sepsis ALI. The underlying mechanism, however, remains elusive.Methods:C57BL/6 wild type (WT), Casp8–/–, Ripk3–/–, and Zbp1–/– mice were subjected to the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model. In this model, we measured intra-macrophage CIRP lactylation and the subsequent release of CIRP. We also tracked the internalization of extracellular CIRP (eCIRP) in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PVECs) and its interaction with Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1). Furthermore, we monitored changes in ZBP1 levels in PVECs and the consequent activation of cell death pathways.Results:In the current study, we demonstrate that lactate, accumulating during sepsis, promotes the lactylation of CIRP in macrophages, leading to the release of CIRP. Once eCIRP is internalized by PVEC through a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated endocytosis pathway, it competitively binds to ZBP1 and effectively blocks the interaction between ZBP1 and tripartite motif containing 32 (TRIM32), an E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting ZBP1 for proteasomal degradation. This interference mechanism stabilizes ZBP1, thereby enhancing ZBP1-receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-dependent PVEC PANoptosis, a form of cell death involving the simultaneous activation of multiple cell death pathways, thereby exacerbating ALI.Conclusions:These findings unveil a novel pathway by which lactic acidemia promotes macrophage-derived eCIRP release, which, in turn, mediates ZBP1-dependent PVEC PANoptosis in sepsis-induced ALI. This finding offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms driving sepsis-related pulmonary complications and provides potential new therapeutic strategies.  
        Keywords：Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP);PANoptosis;Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1);Ubiquitination;Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI)   
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      • “In the field of liver cancer treatment, researchers have made significant progress. They found that radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment upregulated MELK expression, and MELK inhibition promoted RFA efficacy by immunogenic cell death and the antitumor response. Targeting MELK via RGD-LNPs provides new insight into improving RFA efficacy in HCC clinical treatment and combating the malignant progression of liver cancer.”
        Bu-Fu Tang, Wang-Ting Xu, Shi-Ji Fang, Jin-Yu Zhu, Rong-Fang Qiu, Lin Shen, Yang Yang, Qiao-You Weng, Ya-Jie Wang, Jia-Yi Ding, Xiao-Jie Zhang, Wei-Qian Chen, Li-Yun Zheng, Jing-Jing Song, Biao Chen, Zhong-Wei Zhao, Min-Jiang Chen, Jian-Song Ji
        Vol. 12, Issue 7, Pages: 1046-1064(2025) DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00588-7
        MELK prevents radiofrequency ablation-induced immunogenic cell death and antitumor immune response by stabilizing FABP5 in hepatocellular malignancies
        Abstract：Background:Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an efficient treatment with unlimited potential for liver cancer that can effectively reduce patient mortality. Understanding the biological process related with RFA treatment is important for improving treatment strategy. This study aimed to identify the critical targets for regulating the efficacy of RFA.Methods:The RFA treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor models in vivo, was analyzed by RNA sequencing technology. The heat treatment in vitro for HCC tumor cells was also constructed to explore the mechanism after RFA treatment in tumor cells. Nanoparticles with high affinity to tumor cells were applied as a new therapy to interfere with the expression of maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK).Results:It was found that RFA treatment upregulated MELK expression, and MELK inhibition promoted RFA efficacy by immunogenic cell death and the antitumor response, including anti-tumoral macrophage polarization and increased CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity in HCC. Mechanically, MELK binds to fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5), and affects its ubiquitination through the K48R pathway to increase its stability, thereby activating protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling axis to weaken the RFA-mediated antitumor effect. In addition, the synthesis of arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD)-lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) targeting tumor cell-intrinsic MELK enhanced RFA efficacy in HCC.Conclusions:MELK is a therapeutic target by regulating RFA efficacy in HCC, and targeting MELK via RGD-LNPs provides new insight into improving RFA efficacy in HCC clinical treatment and combating the malignant progression of liver cancer.  
        Keywords：Radiofrequency ablation;Liver cancer;Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK);Fatty acid-binding protein 5 (FABP5);Immune microenvironment;Nanoparticles   
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        REVIEW

      • Tackling exosome and nuclear receptor interaction: an emerging paradigm in the treatment of chronic diseases AI Introduction

        “Nuclear receptors (NRs) play a crucial role in development, host defense, and homeostasis. This comprehensive review meticulously examines the involvement of exosome-mediated NRs regulation in the pathogenesis of chronic ailments, including atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, liver diseases, and respiratory conditions. Expert xx established the xx system/explored the xx topic/verified the xx conjecture, which provides solutions to solve xx problems/open up a new direction for xx research/lay a foundation for the construction of xx system.”
        Babu Santha Aswani, Mangala Hegde, Ravichandran Vishwa, Mohammed S. Alqahtani, Mohamed Abbas, Hassan Ali Almubarak, Gautam Sethi, Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkara
        Vol. 12, Issue 7, Pages: 1065-1102(2025) DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00564-1
        Tackling exosome and nuclear receptor interaction: an emerging paradigm in the treatment of chronic diseases
        Abstract：Nuclear receptors (NRs) function as crucial transcription factors in orchestrating essential functions within the realms of development, host defense, and homeostasis of body. NRs have garnered increased attention due to their potential as therapeutic targets, with drugs directed at NRs demonstrating significant efficacy in impeding chronic disease progression. Consequently, these pharmacological agents hold promise for the treatment and management of various diseases. Accumulating evidence emphasizes the regulatory role of exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) in chronic inflammation, disease progression, and therapy resistance, primarily by modulating transcription factors, particularly NRs. By exploiting inflammatory pathways such as protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, exosomes and NRs play a pivotal role in the panorama of development, physiology, and pathology. The internalization of exosomes modulates NRs and initiates diverse autocrine or paracrine signaling cascades, influencing various processes in recipient cells such as survival, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and cellular defense mechanisms. This comprehensive review meticulously examines the involvement of exosome-mediated NRs regulation in the pathogenesis of chronic ailments, including atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, liver diseases, and respiratory conditions. Additionally, it elucidates the molecular intricacies of exosome-mediated communication between host and recipient cells via NRs, leading to immunomodulation. Furthermore, it outlines the implications of exosome-modulated NR pathways in the prophylaxis of chronic inflammation, delineates current limitations, and provides insights into future perspectives. This review also presents existing evidence on the role of exosomes and their components in the emergence of therapeutic resistance.  
        Keywords：Nuclear receptors (NRs);Exosomes;Chronic diseases;Inflammation;MicroRNAs (miRNAs)   
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      • “In the field of extraterrestrial exploration, a comprehensive review integrates insights from actual space missions and simulated experiments on Earth, analyzing how microgravity, space radiation, and disrupted circadian affect cardiovascular well-being. This research provides solutions to solve astronaut health and mission success problems.”
        Han Han, Hao Jia, Yi-Fan Wang, Jiang-Ping Song
        Vol. 12, Issue 7, Pages: 1103-1125(2025) DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00570-3
        Cardiovascular adaptations and pathological changes induced by spaceflight: from cellular mechanisms to organ-level impacts
        Abstract：The advancement in extraterrestrial exploration has highlighted the crucial need for studying how the human cardiovascular system adapts to space conditions. Human development occurs under the influence of gravity, shielded from space radiation by Earth’s magnetic field, and within an environment characterized by 24-hour day-night cycles resulting from Earth’s rotation, thus deviating from these conditions necessitates adaptive responses for survival. With upcoming manned lunar and Martian missions approaching rapidly, it is essential to understand the impact of various stressors induced by outer-space environments on cardiovascular health. This comprehensive review integrates insights from both actual space missions and simulated experiments on Earth, to analyze how microgravity, space radiation, and disrupted circadian affect cardiovascular well-being. Prolonged exposure to microgravity induces myocardial atrophy and endothelial dysfunction, which may be exacerbated by space radiation. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress emerge as key underlying mechanisms along with disturbances in ion channel perturbations, cytoskeletal damage, and myofibril changes. Disruptions in circadian rhythms caused by factors such as microgravity, light exposure, and irregular work schedules, could further exacerbate cardiovascular issues. However, current research tends to predominantly focus on disruptions in the core clock gene, overlooking the multifactorial nature of circadian rhythm disturbances in space. Future space missions should prioritize targeted prevention strategies and early detection methods for identifying cardiovascular risks, to preserve astronaut health and ensure mission success.  
        Keywords：Spaceflight;Microgravity;Space radiation;Circadian rhythm disruption;Mitochondrial dysfunction;Oxidative stress   
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      • Microenvironment-responsive nanomedicines: a promising direction for tissue regeneration AI Introduction

        “Nanobiotechnology has opened a new direction in immunomodulatory nanomedicine, providing encouraging prospects for tissue regeneration and restoration. Expert xx explored the design and functional properties of immunomodulatory nanosystems, which provides solutions to solve severe tissue defects problems.”
        Yuan Xiong, Bo-Bin Mi, Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi, Tian Xia, Jun Xiao
        Vol. 12, Issue 7, Pages: 1126-1143(2025) DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00573-0
        Microenvironment-responsive nanomedicines: a promising direction for tissue regeneration
        Abstract：Severe tissue defects present formidable challenges to human health, persisting as major contributors to mortality rates. The complex pathological microenvironment, particularly the disrupted immune landscape within these defects, poses substantial hurdles to existing tissue regeneration strategies. However, the emergence of nanobiotechnology has opened a new direction in immunomodulatory nanomedicine, providing encouraging prospects for tissue regeneration and restoration. This review aims to gather recent advances in immunomodulatory nanomedicine to foster tissue regeneration. We begin by elucidating the distinctive features of the local immune microenvironment within defective tissues and its crucial role in tissue regeneration. Subsequently, we explore the design and functional properties of immunomodulatory nanosystems. Finally, we address the challenges and prospects of clinical translation in nanomedicine development, aiming to propose a potent approach to enhance tissue regeneration through synergistic immune modulation and nanomedicine integration.  
        Keywords：Nanomedicine;Microenvironment;Immunomodulation;Tissue regeneration;Bone;Repair   
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        LETTER TO THE EDITOR

      • “In the field of xxx, expert xx has made significant research progress. By establishing the xx system/exploring the xx topic/verifying the xx conjecture, xx has provided solutions to solve xx problems/open up a new direction for xx research/lay a foundation for the construction of the xx system.”
        Ze-Zhi Li, Yu-Ping Chen, Xiao-Cui Zang, Denise Zheng, Xiao-E Lang, Yong-Jie Zhou, Feng-Chun Wu, Xiang-Yang Zhang
        Vol. 12, Issue 7, Pages: 1144-1146(2025) DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00572-1
        Keywords：Sexual dimorphism;Body mass index;Suicidal attempts;Major depressive disorder   
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      • Exosome autoantibody biomarkers for detection of lung cancer AI Introduction

        “In the field of xxx, expert xx has made significant research progress. By establishing the xx system/exploring the xx topic/verifying the xx conjecture, xx has provided solutions to address xx problems/open up a new direction for xx research/lay a foundation for the construction of the xx system.”
        Win Lwin Thuya, Janique Michelle Peyper, Tan Ti Myen, Nur Diana Anuar, Arif Anwar, Ranga Gudimella, Nurul Huda Rutt, Nurul Shielawati Mohamed Rosli, Noorul Hidayah Badri, Teh Norleila Abdul Rahman, Raja Nurashirin, Gautam Sethi, John Kit Chung Tam, Andrea Li-Ann Wong, Ross Soo, Jonathan M. Blackburn, Ling-Zhi Wang, Boon Cher Goh
        Vol. 12, Issue 7, Pages: 1147-1150(2025) DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00575-y
        Exosome autoantibody biomarkers for detection of lung cancer
        Keywords：Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC);Tumour-derived exosomes;Autoantibodies;diagnosis;prognosis   
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      • Hans Chinese consume less O2 for muscular work than european-american AI Introduction

        “In the field of xxx, expert xx has made significant research progress. By establishing the xx system/exploring the xx topic/verifying the xx conjecture, xx has provided solutions to solve xx problems/open up a new direction for xx research/lay a foundation for the construction of the xx system.”
        Mei-Han Guo, David Montero
        Vol. 12, Issue 7, Pages: 1151-1153(2025) DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00578-9
        Keywords：Hans Chinese;O2 uptake;Metabolic cost of exercise;Lean body mass;Body fat;European–American   
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        COMMENTARY

      • FOXO1-expressing neutrophils: a double-edged sword in traumatic brain injury AI Introduction

        “In the field of xxx, expert xx has made significant research progress. By establishing the xx system/exploring the xx topic/verifying the xx conjecture, xx has provided solutions to address xx problems/open up a new direction for xx research/lay a foundation for the construction of the xx system.”
        Dong-Dong Yang, Meng Zhao, Jia-Xiu Du, Yu Shi
        Vol. 12, Issue 7, Pages: 1154-1156(2025) DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00571-2
        Keywords：Traumatic brain injury (TBI);FOXO1-high expressing neutrophils;Neuroinflammation;Acute brain damage   
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