“Advancements in single-cell and spatial transcriptomics have enabled a detailed molecular comprehension of the complex regulation of cell fate, significantly contributing to the development of personalized medicine. This review outlines the significance of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in prostate cancer research, highlighting key molecular targets for diagnosis, treatment, and drug resistance characteristics. These studies are expected to provide novel insights for the development of immunotherapy and other innovative treatment strategies for castration-resistant prostate cancer.”