“Cell-free DNA emerges as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for sepsis management, introduces its research progress in the field of clinical diagnosis and treatment. Researchers established the cfDNA release mechanism system and explored its pathological effects through TLR9, AIM2 and cGAS-STING pathways, which provides solutions to solve sepsis-related organ dysfunction problems and lay a foundation for the construction of targeted therapeutic strategies including PAD4 inhibitors and DNases.”