“In the field of bone tissue engineering, researchers have developed a piezoelectric hydrogel bone scaffold that promotes bone regeneration. The team incorporated PDA-modified ceramic hydroxyapatite and PDA-modified barium titanate nanoparticles into a chitosan/gelatin matrix, enhancing the scaffold's mechanical properties and self-generated electricity. The piezoelectric hydrogels demonstrated cytocompatibility and capabilities in immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis, effectively inducing macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype and promoting the migration, tube formation, and angiogenic differentiation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, as well as facilitating the migration, osteo-differentiation, and extracellular matrix mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. In vivo evaluations showed that these hydrogels significantly facilitated new bone formation in a rat large-sized cranial injury model, offering a novel strategy for enhancing combat effectiveness in grassroots troops.”