Antibacterial efficacy of a chitosan-based hydrogel loaded with epsilon poly-L-lysine and poly(I:C) extracellular vesicles for the control of polymicrobial extremity wound infections in a porcine polytrauma model

Cole E. Ogrydziak; Catherine F.T. Uyehara; Lee-Ann M. Murata; Wendy E. Kurata; Lauren N. Wong; Randal S. Dudis; Emily J. Bailey; Lisa M. Pierce

doi:10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100011

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Antibacterial efficacy of a chitosan-based hydrogel loaded with epsilon poly-L-lysine and poly(I:C) extracellular vesicles for the control of polymicrobial extremity wound infections in a porcine polytrauma model

LETTER TO THE EDITOR | Updated：2026-05-11

- Antibacterial efficacy of a chitosan-based hydrogel loaded with epsilon poly-L-lysine and poly(I:C) extracellular vesicles for the control of polymicrobial extremity wound infections in a porcine polytrauma model
- Military Medical Research (2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  Department of General Surgery, Tripler Army Medical Center, Hawaii 96859, USA
  Department of Clinical Investigation, Tripler Army Medical Center, Hawaii 96859, USA
- Author bio：
  
  *Lisa M. Pierce, lisa.m.pierce.civ@health.mil
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100011
  CLC：
- Received：03 December 2025，
  
  Revised：2026-03-05，
  
  Published：2026-03
- Accepted：
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Ogrydziak CE, Uyehara CFT, Murata LAM, Kurata WE, Wong LN, Dudis RS, et al. Antibacterial efficacy of a chitosan-based hydrogel loaded with epsilon poly-L-lysine and poly(I:C) extracellular vesicles for the control of polymicrobial extremity wound infections in a porcine polytrauma model. Mil Med Res. 2026;13(1):100011.
DOI：

Ogrydziak CE, Uyehara CFT, Murata LAM, Kurata WE, Wong LN, Dudis RS, et al. Antibacterial efficacy of a chitosan-based hydrogel loaded with epsilon poly-L-lysine and poly(I:C) extracellular vesicles for the control of polymicrobial extremity wound infections in a porcine polytrauma model. Mil Med Res. 2026;13(1):100011. DOI： 10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100011.

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Pape HC , Moore EE , McKinley T , Sauaia A . Pathophysiology in patients with polytrauma . Injury . 2022 ; 53 ( 7 ): 2400 - 12 .

Peng S , Niu S , Gao Q , Song R , Wang Z , Luo Z , et al . Hydroxypropyl chitosan/epsilon-poly-L-lysine based injectable and self-healing hydrogels with antimicrobial and hemostatic activity for wound repair . Carbohydr Polym . 2024 ; 337 : 122135 .

Keshtkar S , Kaviani M , Soleimanian S , Azarpira N , Asvar Z , Pakbaz S . Stem cell-derived exosome as potential therapeutics for microbial diseases . Front Microbiol . 2022 ; 12 : 786111 .

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