Neuroregeneration and plasticity: a review of the physiological mechanisms for achieving functional recovery postinjury
Neuroregeneration and plasticity: a review of the physiological mechanisms for achieving functional recovery postinjury
- MMR 2020年7卷第4期 页码：464-481
- Affiliations：
1.School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK.
2.Shengli Clinical College of Fujian Medical University; Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China.
3.Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Author bio：
* 516333246@qq.com
- Funds：
DOI：10.1186/s40779-020-00259-3
中图分类号：-
纸质出版：2020-12
- Accepted：
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Neuroregeneration and plasticity: a review of the physiological mechanisms for achieving functional recovery postinjury[J]. MMR, 2020,7(4):464-481.
Nagappan et al.: Neuroregeneration and plasticity: a review of the physiological mechanisms for achieving functional recovery postinjury. Mil Med Res,2020, 7: 30.
Neuroregeneration and plasticity: a review of the physiological mechanisms for achieving functional recovery postinjury[J]. MMR, 2020,7(4):464-481. DOI： 10.1186/s40779-020-00259-3.
Nagappan et al.: Neuroregeneration and plasticity: a review of the physiological mechanisms for achieving functional recovery postinjury. Mil Med Res,2020, 7: 30. DOI： 10.1186/s40779-020-00259-3.
摘要
Abstract
Neuronal networks
especially those in the central nervous system (CNS)
evolved to support extensive functional capabilities while ensuring stability. Several physiological "brakes" that maintain the stability of the neuronal networks in a healthy state quickly become a hinderance postinjury. These "brakes" include inhibition from the extracellular environment
intrinsic factors of neurons and the control of neuronal plasticity. There are distinct differences between the neuronal networks in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the CNS. Underpinning these differences is the trade-off between reduced functional capabilities with increased adaptability through the formation of new connections and new neurons. The PNS has "facilitators" that stimulate neuroregeneration and plasticity
while the CNS has "brakes" that limit them. By studying how these "facilitators" and "brakes" work and identifying the key processes and molecules involved
we can attempt to apply these theories to the neuronal networks of the CNS to increase its adaptability. The difference in adaptability between the CNS and PNS leads to a difference in neuroregenerative properties and plasticity. Plasticity ensures quick functional recovery of abilities in the short and medium term. Neuroregeneration involves synthesizing new neurons and connections
providing extra resources in the long term to replace those damaged by the injury
and achieving a lasting functional recovery. Therefore
by understanding the factors that affect neuroregeneration and plasticity
we can combine their advantages and develop rehabilitation techniques. Rehabilitation training methods
coordinated with pharmacological interventions and/or electrical stimulation
contributes to a precise
holistic treatment plan that achieves functional recovery from nervous system injuries. Furthermore
these techniques are not limited to limb movement
as other functions lost as a result of brain injury
such as speech
can also be recovered with an appropriate training program.
关键词
Keywords
references
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