The hierarchical stratum response system of organism to microgravity during spaceflight

Wei-Jia Sun; Rui-Kai Du; Yu-Heng Li; Guo-Hui Zhong; Jian-Wei Li; Zi-Zhong Liu; Xin-Xin Yuan; Xiao-Yan Jin; Shu-Kuan Ling; Ying-Xian Li

doi:10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100027

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The hierarchical stratum response system of organism to microgravity during spaceflight

REVIEW | Updated：2026-05-11

- The hierarchical stratum response system of organism to microgravity during spaceflight
- The hierarchical stratum response system of organism to microgravity during spaceflight
- 军事医学研究（英文） 2026年
- Affiliations：
  
  National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
  School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325603, Zhejiang, China
- Author bio：
  
  Shu-Kuan Ling, sh2ling@126.com
  *Corresponding: Ying-Xian Li, yingxianli@aliyun.com;
- Funds：
  
  the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82192882;32200972);the National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFA1104203i);the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20233414);the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024T171124;2024M764151)
- DOI：10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100027
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-07-16，
  
  录用：2026-04-03，
  
  纸质出版：2026-04
- Accepted：
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Wei-Jia Sun, Rui-Kai Du, Yu-Heng Li, 等. The hierarchical stratum response system of organism to microgravity during spaceflight[J/OL]. 军事医学研究（英文）, 2026.

Sun WJ, Du RK, Li YH, Zhong GH, Li JW, Liu ZZ, et al. The hierarchical stratum response system of organism to microgravity during spaceflight. Mil Med Res. 2026;13(1):100027.
Wei-Jia Sun, Rui-Kai Du, Yu-Heng Li, 等. The hierarchical stratum response system of organism to microgravity during spaceflight[J/OL]. 军事医学研究（英文）, 2026. DOI： 10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100027.

Sun WJ, Du RK, Li YH, Zhong GH, Li JW, Liu ZZ, et al. The hierarchical stratum response system of organism to microgravity during spaceflight. Mil Med Res. 2026;13(1):100027. DOI： 10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100027.

摘要

Abstract

With the advancement of manned spaceflight technology

significant progress has been made in the fields of aerospace medicine and space biology to address the needs of astronauts in terms of health

safety

and mission performance. The physiological and pathological changes during microgravity exposure

including perception

response

and adaptation mechanisms

are gradually being unraveled. This study aimed to systematically summarize the common features of various molecules and structures within the cell membrane

cytoplasm

and nucleus responsible for sensing microgravity. It further examined the heterogeneous responses across different tissues

organs

and cells

as well as systemic-level interactions and synergies

and proposed a novel multilevel gravity-sensing theory. Additionally

the study highlighted cutting-edge in-orbit health monitoring technologies

including rapid fluid analysis using sensitive biomarkers and non-invasive evaluation using two-photon fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore

it explored the promising applications of emerging therapeutic approaches for microgravity adaptation

including small nucleic acid drugs targeting gene regulation

exosome-based drug delivery systems

and natural small-molecule drugs aimed at combating microgravity effects.

关键词

Keywords

references

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Cardiovascular adaptations and pathological changes induced by spaceflight: from cellular mechanisms to organ-level impacts

Counteracting microgravity: preserving cardiovascular health in low earth orbit