Objective:To improve the recognition and diagnosis on the bronchopulmonary infection with Lophomonas blattarum（L.blattarum）.Methods:The clinical characteristics of 2 patients diagnosed and treated in our hospital were reported

and 42 cases that had been reported from years 1993 to 2007 are analyzed.Results:In our report

the first patient attacked serious asthma time after time

the second patient suffered from bronchiectasis with a protracted infection course.Forty-four cases all have pathogen examination and parasitic expertise.The most common symptoms are fever

cough and expectoration.1/3 of the patients have increased acidophilic granulocyte in peripheral blood.Chest X film and CT scanning suggest changes were similar to pneumonia.Chronic cases are manifested with bronchial asthma

bronchiectasis and pulmonary abscess.L.blattarum found in phlegm or specimen collected by bronchoscopy provides the most reliable evidence for the diagnosis of this disease.Conclusion:Bronchopulmonary L.blattarum infection is a new kind of diseases.The clinical manifestations are similar to pneumonia

asthma

bronchiectasis infection or pulmonary abscess.L.blattarum found in sputum smear

bronchoscopic brush smear

bronchoscopic biopsy smear

or bronchoalceolar lavage under microscope is the foundation of the diagnosis.The pathogen species has not been finally confirmed.It is still unclear how the pathogen exists in the natural environment

how to transmit to persons and what kind of people would suffer from the disease more easily.Treatment only with antibiotics is not effective to this disease.Metronidazole with dosage of 0.5 g per time and twice per day was effective to most patients

the period of treatment need to last 14-38 d

but multidrug resistance case had been reported.