Nanomedicine‐boosting icaritin-based immunotherapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Yi Lu; Yue Gao; Huan Yang; Yong Hu; Xin Li

doi:10.1186/s40779-022-00433-9

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Nanomedicine‐boosting icaritin-based immunotherapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

PERSPECTIVE | Updated：2023-07-21

- Nanomedicine‐boosting icaritin-based immunotherapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
- Military Medical Research Vol. 10, Issue 3, Pages: 403-414(2023)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
  2.Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
  3.DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., 52056 Aachen, Germany
  4.College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
  5.School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
  6.Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Author bio：
  
  * yonghu@tongji.edu.cn;
  xli@dwi.rwth-aachen.de
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1186/s40779-022-00433-9
  CLC：
- Published：2023-06
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Cite this article as: Lu Y, Gao Y, Yang H, Hu Y, Li X. Nanomedicine‐boosting icaritin-based immunotherapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Mil Med Res. 2022;9(1):69.
DOI：

Cite this article as: Lu Y, Gao Y, Yang H, Hu Y, Li X. Nanomedicine‐boosting icaritin-based immunotherapy of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Mil Med Res. 2022;9(1):69. DOI： 10.1186/s40779-022-00433-9.

摘要

Abstract

Traditional treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

such as surgical resection

transplantation

radiofrequency ablation

and chemotherapy are unsatisfactory

and therefore the exploration of powerful therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for advanced HCC treatment due to its minimal side effects and long-lasting therapeutic memory effects. Recent studies have demonstrated that icaritin could serve as an immunomodulator for effective immunotherapy of advanced HCC. Encouragingly

in 2022

icaritin soft capsules were approved by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China for the immunotherapy of advanced HCC. However

the therapeutic efficacy of icaritin in clinical practice is impaired by its poor bioavailability and unfavorable

in vivo

delivery efficiency. Recently

functionalized drug delivery systems including stimuli-responsive nanocarriers

cell membrane-coated nanocarriers

and living cell-nanocarrier systems have been designed to overcome the shortcomings of drugs

including the low bioavailability and limited delivery efficiency as well as side effects. Taken together

the development of icaritin-based nanomedicines is expected to further improve the immunotherapy of advanced HCC. Herein

we compared the different preparation methods for icaritin

interpreted the HCC immune microenvironment and the mechanisms underlying icaritin for treatment of advanced HCC

and discussed both the design of icaritin-based nanomedicines with high icaritin loading and the latest progress in icaritin-based nanomedicines for advanced HCC immunotherapy. Finally

the prospects to promote further clinical translation of icaritin-based nanomedicines for the immunotherapy of advanced HCC were proposed.

关键词

Keywords

references

El-Serag HB , Rudolph KL . Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology and molecular carcinogenesis . Gastroenterology . 2007 ; 132 ( 7 ): 2557 - 76 .

Fan Y , Li S , Ding XY , Yue J , Jiang J , Zhao H , et al . First-in-class immunemodulating small molecule Icaritin in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: preliminary results of safety, durable survival and immune biomarkers . BMC Cancer . 2019 ; 19 ( 1 ): 279 .

Cheng HJ , Sun GD , Chen H , Li Y , Han ZJ , Li YB , et al . Trends in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy and related combination therapies . Am J Cancer Res . 2019 ; 9 ( 8 ): 1536 - 45 .

Hernandez-Gea V , Toffanin S , Friedman SL , Llovet JM . Role of the microenvironment in the pathogenesis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma . Gastroenterology . 2013 ; 144 ( 3 ): 512 - 27 .

Zhao H , Guo YM , Li S , Han RQ , Ying JM , Zhu H , et al . A novel anti-cancer agent Icaritin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma initiation and malignant growth through the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway . Oncotarget . 2015 ; 6 ( 31 ): 31927 - 43 .

Malagari K , Pomoni M , Moschouris H , Bouma E , Koskinas J , Stefaniotou A , et al . Chemoembolization with doxorubicin-eluting beads for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: five-year survival analysis . Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol . 2012 ; 35 ( 5 ): 1119 - 28 .

Hu MY , Huang L . Nanomaterial manipulation of immune microenvironment in the diseased liver . Adv Funct Mater . 2019 ; 29 ( 7 ): 1805760 .

Chen DS , Mellman I . Oncology meets immunology: the cancer-immunity cycle . Immunity . 2013 ; 39 ( 1 ): 1 - 10 .

Emens LA , Ascierto PA , Darcy PK , Demaria S , Eggermont AMM , Redmond WL , et al . Cancer immunotherapy: opportunities and challenges in the rapidly evolving clinical landscape . Eur J Cancer . 2017 ; 81 : 116 - 29 .

Sangro B , Gomez-Martin C , de la Mata M , Iñarrairaegui M , Garralda E , Barrera P , et al . A clinical trial of CTLA-4 blockade with tremelimumab in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic hepatitis C . J Hepatol . 2013 ; 59 ( 1 ): 81 - 8 .

El-Khoueiry AB , Sangro B , Yau T , Crocenzi TS , Kudo M , Hsu C , et al . Nivolumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (Check-Mate 040): an open-label, non-comparative, phase 1/2 dose escalation and expansion trial . Lancet . 2017 ; 389 ( 10088 ): 2492 - 502 .

Tagliamonte M , Mauriello A , Cavalluzzo B , Ragone C , Manolio C , Petrizzo A , et al . Tackling hepatocellular carcinoma with individual or combinatorial immunotherapy approaches . Cancer Lett . 2020 ; 473 : 25 - 32 .

Liu Z , Hurst DR , Qu X , Lu LG , Wu CZ , Li YY , et al . Re-expression of DIRAS3 and p53 induces apoptosis and impaired autophagy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma . Mil Med Res . 2020 ; 7 ( 1 ): 14 .

Forner A , Reig M , Bruix J . Hepatocellular carcinoma . Lancet . 2018 ; 391 ( 10127 ): 1301 - 14 .

Tan HL , Chan KG , Pusparajah P , Saokaew S , Duangjai A , Lee LH , et al . Anticancer properties of the naturally occurring aphrodisiacs: icariin and its derivatives . Front Pharmacol . 2016 ; 7 : 191 .

Bailly C . Molecular and cellular basis of the anticancer activity of the prenylated flavonoid icaritin in hepatocellular carcinoma . Chem-Biol Interact . 2020 ; 325 : 109124 .

Wang SK , Wang Q , Wang HJ , Qin CK , Cui XP , Li L , et al . Induction of ROS and DNA damage-dependent senescence by icaritin contributes to its antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells . Pharm Biol . 2019 ; 57 ( 1 ): 424 - 31 .

Sun Y , Qin SK , Li W , Guo YB , Zhang Y , Meng LZ , et al . A randomized, double-blinded, phase III study of icaritin versus huachashu as the firstline therapy in biomarker-enriched HBV-related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with poor conditions: interim analysis result . J Clin Oncol . 2021 ; 39 ( 15_suppl ): 4077 .

Sun JJ , Wang JP , Li TZ , Ma YB , Xue D , Chen JJ . Design and synthesis of ludartin derivatives as potential anticancer agents against hepatocellular carcinoma . Med Chem Res . 2022 ; 31 ( 7 ): 1224 - 39 .

Gao LF , Zhang SQ . Antiosteoporosis effects, pharmacokinetics, and drug delivery systems of icaritin: advances and prospects . Pharmaceuticals (Basel) . 2022 ; 15 ( 4 ): 397 .

Tang C , Chen XM , Yao H , Yin HY , Ma XP , Jin MJ , et al . Enhanced oral absorption of icaritin by using mixed polymeric micelles prepared with a creative acid-base shift method . Molecules . 2021 ; 26 ( 11 ): 3450 .

Gu ZL , Wang QJ , Shi YB , Huang Y , Zhang J , Zhang XK , et al . Nanotechnology-mediated immunochemotherapy combined with docetaxel and PD-L1 antibody increase therapeutic effects and decrease systemic toxicity . J Control Release . 2018 ; 286 : 369 - 80 .

Li X , Li HL , Zhang CC , Pich A , Xing LX , Shi XY . Intelligent nanogels with self-adaptive responsiveness for improved tumor drug delivery and augmented chemotherapy . Bioact Mater . 2021 ; 6 ( 10 ): 3473 - 84 .

Li X , Ouyang ZJ , Li HL , Hu CL , Saha P , Xing LX , et al . Dendrimer-decorated nanogels: efficient nanocarriers for biodistribution in vivo and chemotherapy of ovarian carcinoma . Bioact Mater . 2021 ; 6 ( 10 ): 3244 - 53 .

Cao XB , Li F , Zheng TT , Li GH , Wang WQ , Li YJ , et al . Cellulose-based functional hydrogels derived from bamboo for product design . Front Plant Sci . 2022 ; 13 : 958066 .

Chen XJ , Tang ZH , Li XW , Xie CX , Lu JJ , Wang YT . Chemical constituents, quality control, and bioactivity of epimedii folium (Yinyanghuo) . Am J Chin Med . 2015 ; 43 ( 5 ): 783 - 834 .

Cheng LY , Zhang H , Cui HY , Cheng JM , Wang WY , Wei B , et al . A novel α-Lrhamnosidase renders efficient and clean production of icaritin . J Clean Prod . 2022 ; 341 : 130903 .

Wei S , Ma JX , Xu L , Gu XS , Ma XL . Biodegradable materials for bone defect repair . Mil Med Res . 2020 ; 7 ( 1 ): 54 .

Zhang SS , Luo J , Dong YR , Wang ZZ , Xiao W , Zhao LG . Biotransformation of the total flavonoid extract of epimedium into icaritin by two thermostable glycosidases from Dictyoglomus thermophilum DSM3960 . Process Biochem . 2021 ; 105 : 8 - 18 .

Zhang JC , Xiong W , Wen YJ , Fu XW , Lu XX , Zhang GL , et al . Magnesium dicarboxylates promote the prenylation of phenolics that is extended to the total synthesis of icaritin . Org Biomol Chem . 2022 ; 20 ( 5 ): 1117 - 24 .

Sugamoto K , Matsusita Y , Matsui K , Kurogi C , Matsui T . Synthesis and antibacterial activity of chalcones bearing prenyl or geranyl groups from Angelica keiskei . Tetrahedron . 2011 ; 67 ( 29 ): 5346 - 59 .

Tao ZR , Liu J , Jiang YM , Gong L , Yang B . Synthesis of prenylated flavonols and their potents as estrogen receptor modulator . Sci Rep . 2017 ; 7 ( 1 ): 12445 .

Li Q , Ge L , Zheng D , Zhang X , Zhao L . Screening and characterization of a GH78 α-l-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus and its application in the bioconversion of icariin to icaritin with recombinant β-glucosidase . Enzyme Microb Technol . 2022 ; 153 : 109940 .

Cao L , Li S , Huang X , Qin Z , Kong W , Xie W , et al . Enhancing the thermostability of highly active and glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase Ks5A7 by directed evolution for good performance of three properties . J Agric Food Chem . 2018 ; 66 ( 50 ): 13228 - 35 .

Li H , Liu YJ , Jiang W , Xue JH , Cheng YN , Wang JY , et al . Icaritin promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation by down-regulating AFP gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma . BMC Cancer . 2021 ; 21 ( 1 ): 318 .

Dong YR , Zhang SS , Lu CN , Xu J , Pei JJ , Zhao LG . Immobilization of thermostable β-glucosidase and α-L-rhamnosidase from dictyoglomus thermophilum DSM3960 and their cooperated biotransformation of total flavonoids extract from epimedium into icaritin . Catal Lett . 2021 ; 151 ( 10 ): 2950 - 63 .

Liu CY , Li RY , Peng J , Qu D , Huang MM , Chen Y . Enhanced hydrolysis and antitumor efficacy of Epimedium flavonoids mediated by immobilized snailase on silica . Process Biochem . 2019 ; 86 : 80 - 8 .

Wang J , Sun GX , Yu L , Wu FA , Guo XJ . Enhancement of the selective enzymatic biotransformation of rutin to isoquercitrin using an ionic liquid as a co-solvent . Bioresour Technol . 2013 ; 128 : 156 - 63 .

Wang DQ , Zheng P , Chen PC , Wu D . Highly efficient enzymatic conversion of rutin to isoquercitrin and L-rhamnose using deep eutectic solvents . ACS Sustain Chem Eng . 2020 ; 8 ( 39 ): 14905 - 13 .

Wang PP , Li CJ , Li XD , Huang WJ , Wang Y , Wang JL , et al . Complete biosynthesis of the potential medicine icaritin by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli . Sci Bull . 2021 ; 66 ( 18 ): 1906 - 16 .

Fujimoto A , Furuta M , Totoki Y , Tsunoda T , Kato M , Shiraishi Y , et al . Wholegenome mutational landscape and characterization of noncoding and structural mutations in liver cancer . Nat Genet . 2016 ; 48 ( 5 ): 500 - 9 .

Sangro B , Sarobe P , Hervás-Stubbs S , Melero I . Advances in immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma . Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol . 2021 ; 18 ( 8 ): 525 - 43 .

Prieto J , Melero I , Sangro B . Immunological landscape and immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma . Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol . 2015 ; 12 ( 12 ): 681 - 700 .

Sun L , Peng QS , Qu LL , Gong LL , Si J . Anticancer agent icaritin induces apoptosis through caspase-dependent pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells . Mol Med Rep . 2015 ; 11 ( 4 ): 3094 - 100 .

Yu Z , Guo JF , Hu MY , Gao YQ , Huang LA . Icaritin exacerbates mitophagy and synergizes with doxorubicin to induce immunogenic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma . ACS Nano . 2020 ; 14 ( 4 ): 4816 - 28 .

Wang ZD , Wang RZ , Xia YZ , Kong LY , Yang L . Reversal of multidrug resistance by icaritin in doxorubicin-resistant human osteosarcoma cells . Chin J Nat Med . 2018 ; 16 ( 1 ): 20 - 8 .

Qin SK , Li Q , Xu JM , Liang J , Cheng Y , Fan Y , et al . Icaritin-induced immunomodulatory efficacy in advanced hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Immunodynamic biomarkers and overall survival . Cancer Sci . 2020 ; 111 ( 11 ): 4218 - 31 .

Xing C , Li H , Li RJ , Yin L , Zhang HF , Huang ZN , et al . The roles of exosomal immune checkpoint proteins in tumors . Mil Med Res . 2021 ; 8 ( 1 ): 56 .

Tao HM , Liu MY , Wang Y , Luo SF , Xu YQ , Ye B , et al . Icaritin induces antitumor immune responses in hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting splenic myeloid-derived suppressor cell generation . Front Immunol . 2021 ; 12 : 609295 .

Tang C , Meng K , Chen XM , Yao H , Kong JQ , Li FS , et al . Preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of amorphous icaritin nanoparticles prepared by a reactive precipitation technique . Molecules . 2021 ; 26 ( 10 ): 2913 .

Rahmanian N , Hamishehkar H , Dolatabadi JEN , Arsalani N . Nano graphene oxide: a novel carrier for oral delivery of flavonoids . Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces . 2014 ; 123 : 331 - 8 .

Chen YP , Jiang YM , Wen LR , Yang B . Structure, stability and bioaccessibility of icaritin-loaded pectin nanoparticle . Food Hydrocolloids . 2022 ; 129 : 107663 .

Sims KR , He B , Koo H , Benoit DSW . Electrostatic interactions enable nanoparticle delivery of the flavonoid myricetin . ACS Omega . 2020 ; 5 ( 22 ): 12649 - 59 .

Li X , Sun HT , Li HL , Hu CL , Luo Y , Shi XY , et al . Multi-responsive biodegradable cationic nanogels for highly efficient treatment of tumors . Adv Funct Mater . 2021 ; 31 ( 26 ): 2100227 .

Liu Y , Yang J , Luo Z , Li D , Lu J , Wang Q , et al . Development of an injectable thiolated icariin functionalized collagen/hyaluronic hydrogel to promote cartilage formation in vitro and in vivo . J Mater Chem B . 2019 ; 7 ( 17 ): 2845 - 54 .

Yan R , Guo YJ , Wang XC , Liang GH , Yang AL , Li JM . Near-infrared light-controlled and real-time detection of osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells by upconversion nanoparticles for osteoporosis therapy . ACS Nano . 2022 ; 16 ( 5 ): 8399 - 418 .

Moss DM , Curley P , Kinvig H , Hoskins C , Owen A . The biological challenges and pharmacological opportunities of orally administered nanomedicine delivery . Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol . 2018 ; 12 ( 3 ): 223 - 36 .

Luo M , Sun HW , Jiang QY , Chai YT , Li CS , Yang B , et al . Novel nanocrystal injection of insoluble drug anlotinib and its antitumor effects on hepatocellular carcinoma . Front Oncol . 2021 ; 11 : 777356 .

van der Meel R , Sulheim E , Shi Y , Kiessling F , Mulder WJM , Lammers T . Smart cancer nanomedicine . Nat Nanotechnol . 2019 ; 14 ( 11 ): 1007 - 17 .

Li X , Xiong ZG , Xu XY , Luo Y , Peng C , Shen MW , et al . 99mTc-labeled multifunctional low-generation dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles for targeted SPECT/CT dual-mode imaging of tumors . ACS Appl Mater Interfaces . 2016 ; 8 ( 31 ): 19883 - 91 .

Li X , Lu Y , Hu Y . A wireless and battery-free DNA hydrogel biosensor for wound infection monitoring . Matter . 2022 ; 5 ( 8 ): 2473 - 5 .

Gao L , Feng LL , Sauer DF , Wittwer M , Hu Y , Schiffels J , et al . Engineered living hydrogels for robust biocatalysis in pure organic solvents . Cell Rep Phys Sci . 2022 ; 3 ( 10 ): 101054 .

Li X , Hetjens L , Wolter N , Li HL , Shi XY , Pich A . Charge-reversible and biodegradable chitosan-based microgels for lysozyme-triggered release of vancomycin . J Adv Res . 2022 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2022.02.014 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2022.02.014 .

Li X , Xing LX , Hu Y , Xiong ZJ , Wang RZ , Xu XY , et al . An RGD-modified hollow silica@Au core/shell nanoplatform for tumor combination therapy . Acta Biomater . 2017 ; 62 : 273 - 83 .

Xu J , Zheng Q , Cheng X , Hu S , Zhang C , Zhou X , et al . Chemo-photodynamic therapy with light-triggered disassembly of theranostic nanoplatform in combination with checkpoint blockade for immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma . J Nanobiotechnol . 2021 ; 19 ( 1 ): 355 .

Yu Z , Guo J , Liu Y , Wang M , Liu Z , Gao Y , et al . Nano delivery of simvastatin targets liver sinusoidal endothelial cells to remodel tumor microenvironment for hepatocellular carcinoma . J Nanobiotechnol . 2022 ; 20 ( 1 ): 9 .

Kong FH , Ye QF , Miao XY , Liu X , Huang SQ , Xiong L , et al . Current status of sorafenib nanoparticle delivery systems in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma . Theranostics . 2021 ; 11 ( 11 ): 5464 - 90 .

Zhang K , Li D , Zhou B , Liu J , Luo X , Wei R , et al . Arsenite-loaded albumin nanoparticles for targeted synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy of HCC . Biomater Sci . 2021 ; 10 ( 1 ): 243 - 57 .

Li X , Yu Q , Zhao R , Guo X , Liu C , Zhang K , et al . Designer exosomes for targeted delivery of a novel therapeutic cargo to enhance sorafenib-mediated ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma . Front Oncol . 2022 ; 12 : 898156 .

Kong H , Ju E , Yi K , Xu W , Lao YH , Cheng D , et al . Advanced nanotheranostics of CRISPR/Cas for viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma . Adv Sci (Weinh) . 2021 ; 8 ( 24 ): e2102051 .

Duan WD , Liu Y . Targeted and synergistic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: monosaccharide modified lipid nanoparticles for the co-delivery of doxorubicin and sorafenib . Drug Des Devel Ther . 2018 ; 12 : 2149 - 61 .

Guo J , Zeng HT , Liu YM , Shi XM , Liu YP , Liu CY , et al . Multicomponent thermosensitive lipid complexes enhance desmoplastic tumor therapy through boosting anti-angiogenesis and synergistic strategy . Int J Pharm . 2021 ; 601 : 120533 .

Li Y , Sun SP , Chang Q , Zhang L , Wang GN , Chen WX , et al . A strategy for the improvement of the bioavailability and antiosteoporosis activity of BCS IV flavonoid glycosides through the formulation of their lipophilic aglycone into nanocrystals . Mol Pharm . 2013 ; 10 ( 7 ): 2534 - 42 .

Dong M , Wu SX , Xu HJ , Yu XX , Wang LN , Bai H , et al . FBS-derived exosomes as a natural nano-scale carrier for icariin promote osteoblast proliferation . Front Bioeng Biotechnol . 2021 ; 9 : 615920 .

Xu C , Jiang YY , Han YH , Pu KY , Zhang RP . A polymer multicellular nanoengager for synergistic NIR-II photothermal immunotherapy . Adv Mater . 2021 ; 33 ( 14 ): e2008061 .

Li X , Lu Y , Kong LD , Shi XY , Pich A . Leukocyte-nanomedicine system for targeted delivery and precise theragnostics . Chem . 2022 ; 8 ( 10 ): 2591 - 3 .

Zhang WZ , Wang MZ , Tang W , Wen R , Zhou SY , Lee C , et al . Nanoparticle-laden macrophages for tumor-tropic drug delivery . Adv Mater . 2018 ; 30 ( 50 ): e1805557 .

Gao Y , Shen MW , Shi XY . Interaction of dendrimers with the immune system: an insight into cancer nanotheranostics . View . 2021 ; 2 ( 3 ): 20200120 .

Duan XP , Chan C , Lin WB . Nanoparticle-mediated immunogenic cell death enables and potentiates cancer immunotherapy . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl . 2019 ; 58 ( 3 ): 670 - 80 .

Li X , Sun H , Lu Y , Xing L . Radiotherapy-triggered prodrug activation: a new era in precise chemotherapy . Med . 2022 ; 3 ( 9 ): 600 - 2 .

Li X , Kong LD , Hu W , Zhang CC , Pich A , Shi XY , et al . Safe and efficient 2D molybdenum disulfide platform for cooperative imaging-guided photothermal-selective chemotherapy: a preclinical study . J Adv Res . 2021 ; 37 : 255 - 66 .

Li X , Xing LX , Zheng KL , Wei P , Du LF , Shen MW , et al . Formation of gold nanostar-coated hollow mesoporous silica for tumor multimodality imaging and photothermal therapy . ACS Appl Mater Interfaces . 2017 ; 9 ( 7 ): 5817 - 27 .

Anselmo AC , Mitragotri S . Nanoparticles in the clinic: an update . Bioeng Transl Med . 2019 ; 4 ( 3 ): e10143 .

Li X , Lu SY , Xiong ZG , Hu Y , Ma D , Lou WQ , et al . Light-addressable nanoclusters of ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles for enhanced and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of arthritis . Adv Sci (Weinh) . 2019 ; 6 ( 19 ): 1901800 .

Nguyen A , Böttger R , Li SD . Recent trends in bioresponsive linker technologies of prodrug-based self-assembling nanomaterials . Biomaterials . 2021 ; 275 : 120955 .

Yang B , Gao J , Pei Q , Xu HX , Yu HJ . Engineering prodrug nanomedicine for cancer immunotherapy . Adv Sci (Weinh) . 2020 ; 7 ( 23 ): 2002365 .

Li JJ , Kataoka K . Chemo-physical strategies to advance the in vivo functionality of targeted nanomedicine: the next generation . J Am Chem Soc . 2021 ; 143 ( 2 ): 538 - 59 .

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Ultrasound initiated tumor catalytic PANoptosis by mesoporous piezoelectric nanocatalysts

Microenvironment-responsive nanomedicines: a promising direction for tissue regeneration

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: current development, challenges, and clinical perspectives

Immunotherapy for tuberculosis: current strategies and future directions

Research on Driving Equipment Suspension Parameters and the Structures of Locomotives with Motor Elastically Mounted on the Frame

Related Author

Jian-Lin Shi

Xuan-Shou Xu

Wei-Wei Ren

Heng Zhang

Dong-Liang Huo

Qi Lyu

Mei-Xiao Zhan

Hui-Xiong Xu

Related Institution

Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Acad-emy of Sciences, Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science (2021RU)

Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, Fudan University

Department of Ultrasound, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (the Affiliated Hospital of Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University)

Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Nanocatalytic Medicine, the Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science School of Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine

Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, Personalized Medicine Research Institute (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1

⁰