Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: mechanisms, diagnosis and current treatment options

Di Liu; Si-Yuan Huang; Jian-Hui Sun; Hua-Cai Zhang; Qing-Li Cai; Chu Gao; Li Li; Ju Cao; Fang Xu; Yong Zhou; Cha-Xiang Guan; Sheng-Wei Jin; Jin Deng; Xiang-Ming Fang; Jian-Xin Jiang; Ling Zeng

doi:10.1186/s40779-022-00422-y

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Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: mechanisms, diagnosis and current treatment options

REVIEW | Updated：2023-05-10

- Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: mechanisms, diagnosis and current treatment options
- Military Medical Research Vol. 10, Issue 2, Pages: 242-261(2023)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Department of Trauma Medical Center, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
  2.Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
  3.Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
  4.Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
  5.Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
  6.Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
  7.Department of Emergency, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, China
  8.Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Author bio：
  
  * xmfang@zju.edu.cn;
  hellojjx@tmmu.edu.cn;
  zengling_1025@tmmu.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1186/s40779-022-00422-y
  CLC：
- Published：2023-04
- Accepted：
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Cite this article as: Liu D, Huang SY, Sun JH, Zhang HC, Cai QL, Gao C, et al. Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: mechanisms, diagnosis and current treatment options. Mil Med Res. 2022;9(1):56.
DOI：

Cite this article as: Liu D, Huang SY, Sun JH, Zhang HC, Cai QL, Gao C, et al. Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: mechanisms, diagnosis and current treatment options. Mil Med Res. 2022;9(1):56. DOI： 10.1186/s40779-022-00422-y.

摘要

Abstract

Sepsis is a common complication of combat injuries and trauma

and is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. It is also one of the significant causes of death and increased health care costs in modern intensive care units. The use of antibiotics

fluid resuscitation

and organ support therapy have limited prognostic impact in patients with sepsis. Although its pathophysiology remains elusive

immunosuppression is now recognized as one of the major causes of septic death. Sepsis-induced immunosuppression is resulted from disruption of immune homeostasis. It is characterized by the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines

abnormal death of immune effector cells

hyperproliferation of immune suppressor cells

and expression of immune checkpoints. By targeting immunosuppression

especially with immune checkpoint inhibitors

preclinical studies have demonstrated the reversal of immunocyte dysfunctions and established host resistance. Here

we comprehensively discuss recent findings on the mechanisms

regulation and biomarkers of sepsis-induced immunosuppression and highlight their implications for developing effective strategies to treat patients with septic shock.

关键词

Keywords

references

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