Estimation of radiation-induced health hazards from a "dirty bomb" attack with radiocesium under different assault and rescue conditions

Alexis Rump; Stefan Eder; Cornelius Hermann; Andreas Lamkowski; Patrick Ostheim; Michael Abend; Matthias Port

doi:10.1186/s40779-021-00349-w

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Estimation of radiation-induced health hazards from a "dirty bomb" attack with radiocesium under different assault and rescue conditions

PERSPECTIVE | Updated：2023-02-28

- Estimation of radiation-induced health hazards from a "dirty bomb" attack with radiocesium under different assault and rescue conditions
- Military Medical Research Vol. 9, Issue 1, Pages: 106-125(2022)
- Affiliations：
  
  Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Neuherberg Str. 11, 80937 Munich, Germany
- Author bio：
  
  * AlexisRump@bundeswehr.org
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1186/s40779-021-00349-w
  CLC：
- Published：2022-02
- Accepted：
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Rump et al.: Estimation of radiation-induced health hazards from a "dirty bomb" attack with radiocesium under diferent assault and rescue conditions. Mil Med Res, 2021, 8: 65.
DOI：

Rump et al.: Estimation of radiation-induced health hazards from a "dirty bomb" attack with radiocesium under diferent assault and rescue conditions. Mil Med Res, 2021, 8: 65. DOI： 10.1186/s40779-021-00349-w.

摘要

Abstract

In the case of a terrorist attack by a "dirty bomb"

blast injuries

external irradiation and the incorporation of radioactivity are to be expected. Departing from information about the radiological attack scenario with cesium-137 in the U.S. National Scenario Planning Guide

we estimated the radiological doses absorbed. Similar calculations were performed for a smaller plume size and a detonation in a subway. For conditions as described in the U.S. scenario

the committed effective dose amounted to a maximum of 848 mSv

even for very unfavorable conditions. Red bone marrow equivalent doses are insufcient to induce acute radiation sickness (ARS). In the case of a smaller plume size

the ARS threshold may be exceeded in some cases. In a subway bombing

doses are much higher and the occurrence of ARS should be expected. The health hazards from a dirty bomb attack will depend on the location and the explosive device. The derived Haddon matrix indicates that preparing for such an event includes education of all the medical staff about radiation effects

the time lines of radiation damages and the treatment priorities. Further determinants of the outcome include rapid evacuation even from difficult locations

the availability of a specific triage tool to rapidly identify victims at risk for ARS

the availability of an antidote stockpile and dedicated hospital beds to treat seriously irradiated victims.

关键词

Keywords

references

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