The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status

Yan-Rong Guo; Qing-Dong Cao; Zhong-Si Hong; Yuan-Yang Tan; Shou-Deng Chen; Hong-Jun Jin; Kai-Sen Tan; De-Yun Wang; Yan Yan

doi:10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0

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The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status

REVIEW | Updated：2023-06-05

- The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status
- Military Medical Research Vol. 7, Issue 1, Pages: 93-103(2020)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
  2.Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
  3.Center of Infectious Disease, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
  4.Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
  5.Center for Interventional Medicine, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, Guangdong, China
- Author bio：
  
  * entwdy@nus.edu.sg;
  yanyan35@mail.sysu.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0
  CLC：
- Published：2020-03
- Accepted：
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Cite this article as: Guo et al.: The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status. Mil Med Res, 2020, 7: 11
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Cite this article as: Guo et al.: The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status. Mil Med Res, 2020, 7: 11 DOI： 10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0.

摘要

Abstract

An acute respiratory disease

caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2

previously known as 2019-nCoV)

the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout China and received worldwide attention. On 30 January 2020

World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the COVID-19 epidemic as a public health emergency of international concern. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2

since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012

marked the third introduction of a highly pathogenic and large-scale epidemic coronavirus into the human population in the twenty-first century. As of 1 March 2020

a total of 87

137 confirmed cases globally

968 confirmed in China and 7169 outside of China

with 2977 deaths (3.4%) had been reported by WHO. Meanwhile

several independent research groups have identified that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to β-coronavirus

with highly identical genome to bat coronavirus

pointing to bat as the natural host. The novel coronavirus uses the same receptor

angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as that for SARS-CoV

and mainly spreads through the respiratory tract. Importantly

increasingly evidence showed sustained human-to-human transmission

along with many exported cases across the globe. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients include fever

cough

fatigue and a small population of patients appeared gastrointestinal infection symptoms. The elderly and people with underlying diseases are susceptible to infection and prone to serious outcomes

which may be associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine storm. Currently

there are few specific antiviral strategies

but several potent candidates of antivirals and repurposed drugs are under urgent investigation. In this review

we summarized the latest research progress of the epidemiology

pathogenesis

and clinical characteristics of COVID-19

and discussed the current treatment and scientific advancements to combat the epidemic novel coronavirus.

关键词

Keywords

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