PM<sub>2.5</sub> obtained from urban areas in Beijing induces apoptosis by activating nuclear factor-kappa B

Hui Peng; Xiao-Hong Zhao; Ting-Ting Bi; Xiao-Yan Yuan; Jia-Bin Guo; Shuang-Qing Peng

doi:10.1186/s40779-017-0136-3

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PM_2.5 obtained from urban areas in Beijing induces apoptosis by activating nuclear factor-kappa B

RESEARCH | Updated：2026-03-12

- PM_2.5 obtained from urban areas in Beijing induces apoptosis by activating nuclear factor-kappa B
- Military Medical Research Vol. 4, Issue 4, Pages: 200-209(2017)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Evaluation and Research Center for Toxicology, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
  2.Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
- Author bio：
  
  *: xiaohong@buu.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1186/s40779-017-0136-3
  CLC：
- Published：2017-12
- Accepted：
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Peng et al.: PM_2.5 obtained from urban areas in Beijing induces apoptosis by activating nuclear factor-kappa B. Mil Med Res, 2017, 4: 27
DOI：

Peng et al.: PM_2.5 obtained from urban areas in Beijing induces apoptosis by activating nuclear factor-kappa B. Mil Med Res, 2017, 4: 27 DOI： 10.1186/s40779-017-0136-3.

摘要

Abstract

Background:

Particulate matter (PM)

which has adverse effects on citizen health

is a major air pollutant in Beijing city. PM

2.5

is an indicator of PM in urban areas and can cause serious damage to human health. Many epidemiological studies have shown that nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is involved in PM

2.5

-induced cell injury

but the exact mechanisms are not well understood.

Methods:

The cytotoxic effects of PM

2.5

at 25–1600μg/ml for 24h were determined by MTT assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) cells. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis rate induced by PM

2.5

. The destabilized enhanced green fluorescent protein (d2EGFP) green fluorescent protein reporter system was used to determine the NF-κB activity induced by PM

2.5

. The expression of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD) proteins induced by PM

2.5

was determined by Western blotting to explore the relationship between PM

2.5

and the NF-κB signaling pathway and to determine the toxicological mechanisms of PM

2.5

Results:

2.5

collected in Beijing urban districts induces cytotoxic effects in CHO cells according to MTT assay with 72.28% cell viability rates even at 200μg/ml PM

2.5

and flow cytometry assays with 26.97% apoptosis rates at 200μg/ml PM

2.5

. PM

2.5

increases the activation levels of NF-κB

which have maintained for 24h. 200μg/ml PM

2.5

cause activation of NF-κB after exposure for 4h

the activation peak appears after 13.5h with a peak value of 25.41%. The average percentage of NF-κB activation in whole 24h is up to 12.90% by 200μg/ml PM

2.5

. In addition

2.5

decreases the expression level of the pro-apoptotic protein BAD in a concentration-dependent manner.

Conclusion:

2.5

induces NF-κB activation

which persists for 24h. The expression of pro-apoptotic protein BAD decreased with increased concentrations of PM

2.5

. These findings suggest that PM

2.5

plays a major role in apoptosis by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing BAD protein expression.

关键词

Keywords

references

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⁰

PM2.5 obtained from urban areas in Beijing induces apoptosis by activating nuclear factor-kappa B

DOI：10.1186/s40779-017-0136-3

摘要

Abstract

关键词

Keywords

references

PM_2.5 obtained from urban areas in Beijing induces apoptosis by activating nuclear factor-kappa B