

FOLLOWUS
National Key Laboratory of Space Medicine, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325603, Zhejiang, China
Shu-Kuan Ling, sh2ling@126.com
*Corresponding: Ying-Xian Li, yingxianli@aliyun.com;
Received:16 July 2025,
Accepted:03 April 2026,
Published:2026-04
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Sun WJ, Du RK, Li YH, Zhong GH, Li JW, Liu ZZ, et al. The hierarchical stratum response system of organism to microgravity during spaceflight. Mil Med Res. 2026;13(1):100027.
Sun WJ, Du RK, Li YH, Zhong GH, Li JW, Liu ZZ, et al. The hierarchical stratum response system of organism to microgravity during spaceflight. Mil Med Res. 2026;13(1):100027. DOI: 10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100027.
With the advancement of manned spaceflight technology
significant progress has been made in the fields of aerospace medicine and space biology to address the needs of astronauts in terms of health
safety
and mission performance. The physiological and pathological changes during microgravity exposure
including perception
response
and adaptation mechanisms
are gradually being unraveled. This study aimed to systematically summarize the common features of various molecules and structures within the cell membrane
cytoplasm
and nucleus responsible for sensing microgravity. It further examined the heterogeneous responses across different tissues
organs
and cells
as well as systemic-level interactions and synergies
and proposed a novel multilevel gravity-sensing theory. Additionally
the study highlighted cutting-edge in-orbit health monitoring technologies
including rapid fluid analysis using sensitive biomarkers and non-invasive evaluation using two-photon fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore
it explored the promising applications of emerging therapeutic approaches for microgravity adaptation
including small nucleic acid drugs targeting gene regulation
exosome-based drug delivery systems
and natural small-molecule drugs aimed at combating microgravity effects.
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