3D bioprinting of tissues and organs for systemic diseases and localized injuries

Wei Long Ng; Paulo Bartolo

doi:10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100006

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3D bioprinting of tissues and organs for systemic diseases and localized injuries

REVIEW | Updated：2026-05-11

- 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs for systemic diseases and localized injuries
- Military Medical Research (2026)
- Affiliations：
  
  Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Author bio：
  
  *Wei Long Ng, ng.wl@ntu.edu.sg;
  Paulo Bartolo, pbartolo@ntu.edu.sg
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100006
  CLC：
- Received：28 August 2025，
  
  Revised：2026-03-06，
  
  Published：2026-03
- Accepted：
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Ng WL, Bartolo P. 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs for systemic diseases and localized injuries. Mil Med Res. 2026;13(1):100006.
DOI：

Ng WL, Bartolo P. 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs for systemic diseases and localized injuries. Mil Med Res. 2026;13(1):100006. DOI： 10.1016/j.mmr.2026.100006.

摘要

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting integrates engineering

materials science

and biology to fabricate living tissues with precise spatial control. By enabling the layer-by-layer deposition of cells and biomaterials

it overcomes many limitations of traditional scaffold-based tissue engineering and offers new opportunities for regenerative and personalized medicine. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances in 3D bioprinting. It introduces a systematic

ASTM-aligned classification of key bioprinting modalities

extrusion

jetting

and vat photopolymerization

along with their respective material and biological design requirements. It also summarizes recent progress in bio-ink development and crosslinking strategies that improve print fidelity and functional tissue maturation. In addition

the review highlights applications in both systemic disease modelling and treatment (such as cardiovascular

endocrine/metabolic

and neurodegenerative disorders) and localized tissue repair (including skin

musculoskeletal

cartilage

and bone)

emphasizing their relevance to civilian healthcare and military medicine. By combining technological innovation

biological insights

and regulatory considerations

this review outlines how advances in multi-modal bioprinting and intelligent process control can accelerate the translation of laboratory research into clinically viable

patient-specific therapies

driving the next generation of regenerative medicine.

关键词

Keywords

references

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